Oliguria: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention & more

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Overview

Oliguria is a medical term that refers to a decreased amount of urine being produced. A urine output of fewer than 400 millilitres, or less than approximately 13.5 ounces over the period of 24 hours, is regarded to be oliguria.

Anuria is the medical term for the absence of urine production. An individual is regarded to have anuria if they produce less than 50 millilitres or less than approximately 1.7 ounces of urine in a 24-hour period.

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What are the root causes of oliguria?

There is a wide variety of possible triggers for oliguria. These conditions range from those that are only transient to those that are more dangerous.

Dehydration

The most prevalent factor contributing to a decrease in urine output is dehydration.

Dehydration is a common medical condition that develops when a person is sick with diarrhoea, vomiting, or another disease and is unable to replace the fluids that they are losing. When this occurs, it causes your kidneys to hold onto as much fluid as they possibly can.

Infection or physical injury

Oliguria can also be caused by less common factors including infection or trauma. These things have the potential to put the body into a state of shock. This decreases the amount of blood that is able to reach your organs.

A shock is a medical emergency that needs rapid attention from a medical professional

blockage of the urinary tract

When urine is unable to exit the kidneys, a condition known as an obstruction or blockage of the urinary tract occurs. This condition can affect either one or both kidneys, and the typical outcome is a reduction in the amount of urine produced.

Other symptoms, such as those listed below, may also be brought on by a blockage, depending on how quickly the obstruction develops.

body ache

nausea

vomiting

swelling

fever

Medications

There is a possibility that certain drugs will cause you to generate less pee.

These side effects have been linked to the following medications in the past:

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)

drugs for high blood pressure, including those known as ACE inhibitors

gentamicin, an antibiotic

Your concerns should be brought up with your healthcare provider if the medication you’re taking causes you to produce less urine. They might switch your medicine or alter the dosage that you’re already taking.

Under no circumstances should you alter your dosage or discontinue taking a drug without first visiting your primary care physician.

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When should I seek the attention of a medical professional?

If you notice a decrease in the amount of urine that you are producing, you should always notify your doctor. Through the use of the Healthline FindCare feature, you are able to look through the profiles of primary care physicians located in your area if you do not currently have one.

If you believe that your body may be going into shock, you should immediately seek out the assistance of a qualified medical professional. This could be the result of a severe infection or a traumatic injury that requires immediate medical attention.

Additionally, if you suspect that your urinary tract obstruction is caused by an enlarged prostate or another problem, you should seek quick medical assistance. When the urinary tract becomes obstructed, anuria can occur very quickly. Anuria requires early treatment in order to avoid the kidneys from suffering severe damage.

If you experience decreased urine production in addition to the following symptoms, you should contact your doctor as soon as possible:

dizziness

quick pulse

lightheadedness

How is the diagnosis of oliguria made?

There is no way for an individual to treat themselves for decreased urine production. Getting medical help is always important in order to determine the reason and administer the most effective treatment for the condition.

Before providing you with a diagnosis, your physician will consult with you during your appointment and ask you a series of questions. They are most likely going to want to know when the decreased output first started, whether it happened all of a sudden and whether it has gotten any worse since it first began.

It could be helpful if you had a rough estimate of the amount of liquid that you consume on a daily basis. You also need to determine how much urine you produce on a daily basis and whether or not drinking more boosts the amount of urine you pass.

It’s possible that your doctor will ask you to produce a urine sample or at the very least try to do so. They are going to examine it to determine its hue, protein content, and uric acid concentration. In addition to that, they will look for any indications of infection in the sample.

Make sure that you inform your doctor about any additional symptoms that you are experiencing, as well as any drugs or herbal supplements that you are currently taking, as well as whether or not you have had kidney or bladder issues in the past.

You may require extra exams. These might include the following:

blood tests

CT scan

abdominal ultrasound

kidney scan

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What kinds of treatments are available for those who have oliguria?

The treatment you receive will be based on the underlying cause of your oliguria. Your physician may recommend an intravenous drip that rehydrates your body quickly or dialysis to assist in the removal of toxins until such time as your kidneys are able to function normally again.

You might also want to consider using specific drink mixes in order to prevent oliguria and replace any electrolytes that may have been lost during this time.

What do you see happening in the long run?

The underlying cause of oliguria is the most important factor in determining a person’s prognosis for the disorder. In the event that it is not addressed, a decreased urine output may lead to a variety of medical concerns, including the following:

hypertension

cardiac insufficiency

anaemia

malfunction of the platelets

gastrointestinal troubles

Most cases require medical care. As soon as you notice that you have oliguria, make an appointment with your primary care physician in order to formulate a treatment strategy that will be most effective for you.

What measures can I take to avoid oliguria?

When it is caused by a medical problem, there is typically no way to prevent a decrease in the amount of pee that is produced. On the other hand, dehydration is by far the most common reason for this symptom. By drinking enough fluids on a consistent basis, you can prevent yourself from being dehydrated.

If you have a fever, diarrhoea, or any other illness, you should be sure to increase the number of fluids you consume. You might also want to consider using specific drink mixes in order to prevent oliguria and replace any electrolytes that may have been lost during this time.