Glipizide – Uses, Side Effects, Warnings, and More

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Uses

Glipizide is prescribed to persons with type 2 diabetes as part of an overall treatment plan that often includes a healthy diet and regular physical activity. Additionally, it can be used with several diabetes drugs.

Keeping high blood sugar under control can help prevent kidney disease, blindness, nerve difficulties, limb loss, and problems with sexual function. Keeping your diabetes under control may also reduce your likelihood of suffering a heart attack or stroke. Sulfonylureas are the general name for the group of medications that include glipizide. It does this by stimulating the release of insulin, which is your body’s own natural supply of the hormone.

How to use Glipizide

If your physician instructs you to do so, take this medication orally 30 minutes before breakfast or the first meal of the day, and do so on a daily basis, in most cases. It is possible that some patients, particularly those who are taking greater doses, will be instructed to take this medication twice daily. Your current health status and how well you respond to treatment will determine the appropriate dosage.

It is possible that your physician will instruct you to begin treatment with this medicine at a low dose and then gradually increase that dose over the course of a few days. Be sure to pay close attention to the directions that your doctor gives you.

If you are already taking another medication for diabetes (such as chlorpropamide), it is imperative that you carefully adhere to the instructions given by your physician on the discontinuation of the previous medication and the initiation of treatment with glipizide.

Colesevelam has the potential to reduce the amount of glipizide that is absorbed by the body. You should take glipizide at least four hours before you take colesevelam if you are going to be taking colesevelam.

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Make sure you take this medication as directed for it to have the desired effect. Take it at the same time(s) every day so that you won’t forget when to take it.

If your situation does not improve or if it gets worse, you should let your doctor know (your blood sugar is too high or too low).

Side Effects

It is possible for patients to have headaches, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, upset stomach, diarrhea, and weight gain. Notify your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible if any of these side effects continue or become worse.

Keep in mind that the reason your doctor has recommended that you take this medication is that he or she believes that the potential benefits to you outweigh the potential risks of doing so. The majority of persons who take this medicine do not report experiencing any severe adverse effects.

Notify your physician as soon as possible if you experience any serious adverse effects, such as signs of infection (such as a persistent sore throat or fever), easy bleeding or bruising, stomach pain, yellowing eyes or skin, dark urine, unusual tiredness or weakness, unusual or sudden weight gain, mental or mood changes, swelling of the hands or feet, or seizures.

This drug has the potential to lower blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). This could happen if you don’t get enough calories from the meals you eat or if you do an especially strenuous amount of exercise. Low blood sugar can cause a variety of symptoms, including abrupt sweating, shivering, a rapid heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling in the hands and feet. When treating low blood sugar, it is a recommended practice to always have glucose tablets or gel on hand. In the event that you do not own these dependable sources of glucose, you can quickly elevate your blood sugar by consuming a source of sugar that digests quickly, such as table sugar, honey, or sweets; alternatively, you can drink fruit juice or regular soda. Immediately discuss the reaction and the use of this product with your primary care physician. Eating meals on a regular schedule and avoiding skipping meals are two things you may do to help prevent low blood sugar. If you don’t eat for a while, you should talk to your primary care physician or your pharmacist about what you should do.

The condition known as hyperglycemia is characterized by symptoms such as thirst, increased urination, confusion, tiredness, flushing, fast breathing, and a fruity stench emanating from the breath. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should contact your doctor as soon as possible. It’s possible that your dosage has to be raised.

It is quite unusual for this medicine to cause an extremely severe allergic reaction. However, you should seek immediate medical attention if you observe any symptoms of a major allergic response, such as a rash, itching/swelling (particularly of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing. These symptoms include:

This list of potential adverse effects is not exhaustive in any way. Please consult your physician or pharmacist if you have any side effects that are not listed above.

In the United States, if you are experiencing any adverse effects, please consult your primary care physician. You can call the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or visit their website at www.fda.gov/medwatch to report any adverse effects.

In Canada, if you are experiencing any adverse effects, please consult your primary care physician. You can call Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345 to report any adverse effects you experience.

Precautions

Inform your physician or pharmacist if you are allergic to glipizide, or if you have any additional allergies, before beginning treatment with glipizide. There is a possibility that this product contains inactive substances, which, if present, could result in allergic responses or other complications. Discuss the matter further with your pharmacist for further information.

Before beginning treatment with this medication, it is important to discuss your medical history with your prescribing physician or pharmacist, particularly if you have a history of conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease, thyroid disease, or certain hormonal conditions (such as adrenal/pituitary insufficiency or syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone-SIADH) (hyponatremia).

If your blood sugar is either low or extremely high, you may suffer symptoms such as blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness. Do not operate a motor vehicle, or any machinery, or engage in any activity that demands alertness or clear eyesight until you have established that you are capable of carrying out such activities in a secure manner.

While you are taking this medicine, you should limit your use of alcohol since it may increase the likelihood that you will experience low blood sugar. Rarely, alcohol can combine with glipizide and induce a significant reaction (a reaction similar to that caused by disulfiram), manifesting itself in the form of symptoms such as facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or stomach pain. For advice on how to drink alcohol safely, go to your family practitioner or local pharmacy.

When your body is under stress, it could make it more difficult to maintain proper management of your blood sugar (such as due to fever, infection, injury, or surgery). You should discuss this with your physician because it could call for a modification to your treatment plan, medications, or blood sugar monitoring.

There is a possibility that using this medication will increase your photosensitivity. Reduce the amount of time you spend in the sun. Stay away from tanning beds and indoor sunlamps. When you go outside, make sure to put on sunscreen and protective gear. If you acquire a sunburn or see any blisters or redness on your skin, make an appointment with your primary care physician as soon as possible.

Before undergoing surgery, it is important to discuss all of the products you use with your dentist or doctor (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

The adverse effects of this medication, particularly a drop in blood sugar level, may be felt more acutely by people of advanced age.

During pregnancy, it is important to only use this drug when it is absolutely necessary. Diabetes is a condition that could be brought on by pregnancy or made worse by it. Talk to your prenatal care provider about developing a strategy for keeping your blood sugar under control while you are expecting. During your pregnancy, your doctor may recommend insulin instead of this medication. Because of the potential for glipizide to induce low blood sugar in your infant, your doctor may recommend that you switch to insulin at least two weeks before the date you are expecting to give birth if you are taking the medication. Talk to your healthcare provider about the potential drawbacks and advantages.

There is no evidence to suggest that this medicine makes its way into breast milk. On the other hand, comparable medicines can be found in breast milk. Before starting to breastfeed, you should talk to your healthcare provider.

Interactions

Drug interactions can alter the way in which your prescriptions work or raise the likelihood that you will have major adverse effects. This document does not contain all possible medication interactions. Maintain a list of all the goods you use, including prescription and over-the-counter medications, as well as herbal remedies, and give it to both your primary care physician and your pharmacist. Without first consulting your physician, you should never alter the dosage of any medication, stop taking any medication, or start taking any new medication.

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There are numerous medicines that can have an effect on your blood sugar, making it more difficult to control. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about the potential effects every medicine you take could have on your blood sugar before you begin, stop, or change any medication you are already taking. Check your blood sugar on a regular basis as instructed by your doctor, and then discuss the results with them. If you experience any symptoms of high or low blood sugar, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible. (For more information, see the section on Side Effects.) It’s possible that your diabetic medication, exercise routine, or diet will need to be adjusted by your doctor.

Beta-blocker drugs, such as metoprolol, propranolol, and glaucoma eye drops like timolol, have the potential to prevent the rapid and pounding heartbeat that you would normally experience when your blood sugar goes below a certain level (hypoglycemia). These medications have little effect on the other symptoms of low blood sugar, such as feeling dizzy, hungry, or sweating excessively.

Be sure to read the labels on all of your medications (even those designed to treat coughs and colds), as some of them may contain substances that could cause your blood sugar to fluctuate. Talk to your local pharmacist about the proper way to use those products.

Overdose

Dial 911 if you suspect that someone has overdosed and they are exhibiting serious symptoms such as passing out or having problems breathing. In any other case, you should immediately contact a poison control center. To reach the poison control center for your area in the United States, dial 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Shaking, a rapid heartbeat, profuse sweating, and loss of consciousness are some of the symptoms that might accompany an overdose.

Notes

It is imperative that you do not provide this medication to anyone else.

Attend a diabetes education session to gain a better understanding of how to control your diabetes through the use of medications, a healthy diet, physical activity, and frequent checkups with a doctor.

Acquaint yourself with the signs of high and low blood sugar, as well as the treatments for low blood sugar. Make sure you keep a close eye on your blood sugar levels as instructed.

Always be on time for your scheduled checkups and laboratory tests. Laboratory and/or medical tests (such as liver and kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and complete blood counts) should be conducted on a periodic basis in order to monitor your progress or check for any adverse effects.

Neglected Dose

If you forget to take a dose, you should take it as soon as you realize you forgot. If it is getting close to the time of the next dose, you should forgo the dose that you missed. Your next dose should be taken at the typical time. It is not necessary to double the dose in order to catch up.

Storage

Keep at room temperature and away from light and moisture. Store at room temperature. Keep away from the bathroom at all costs. Always make sure that children and animals are kept well away from any medications.

Unless you have been specifically told to do so, you should not flush drugs down the toilet or pour them down a drain. When it is no longer needed or has passed its expiration date, dispose of this product in the appropriate manner. Talk to your neighborhood pharmacy or the firm that handles garbage disposal in your area.